Weekly Mortgage Market Report

The economic environment for mortgage rates was little changed this week. Weaker than expected economic data and continued low inflation supported low rates, and investor demand for bonds remained high. As a result, mortgage rates again ended the week a little lower.

As the economic recovery has lost steam recently, investors are closely watching for signs that growth will slow even more. The economic data released during the week was generally weaker than expected. In a sign that the labor market is not improving, Weekly Jobless Claims rose to 500K, the highest level since November 2009. After a series of positive readings, the Philly Fed manufacturing index surprisingly fell to -7.7. Readings below zero indicate a contraction in the sector. Slower economic growth typically leads to less inflationary pressure, which is positive for mortgage rates.

With very little economic news during the short holiday week, mortgage rates remained at the lowest levels in decades. While mortgage rates ended the week slightly lower, the level of volatility in mortgage markets and other financial markets was relatively high. Even without major news, sudden movements in rates were common during the week. The stock market displayed similar price swings, as the Dow recovered the roughly 400 points it lost the prior week. This volatility in financial markets reflects the high level of investor uncertainty about the pace of global economic growth.

After dropping to the lowest level in decades last week, mortgage rates fell even further this week. Weak economic data from the US, Europe, and China caused investors to question the pace of the global economic recovery. Slower economic growth was positive for mortgage rates and negative for the stock market.

Friday's important Employment report reflected a slowly improving labor market. The economy lost -125K jobs in June, which was very close to expectations. The figures include a loss of -225K census workers who completed their temporary assignments. The private sector added 83K jobs. The Unemployment Rate fell to 9.5% from 9.7% in May, but this was due to 650K people leaving the labor force. The labor force consists of everyone in the US who either has a job or is looking for one, and the Unemployment Rate measures the percentage of the labor force without jobs.

Mortgage rates dropped to the lowest level in decades this week, and home affordability is very favorable. Uncertainty about the extent of global economic growth and continued low inflation levels have helped mortgage rates reach these levels.

After months of debate, Congress reached agreement on the Financial Reform bill, and it is expected to pass next week. The bill includes many provisions which will affect mortgage lending and the home buying process, but the impact will not be fully known for some time as many of its changes are subject to regulatory discretion. Separately, the larger bill containing an extension to the home buyer tax credit "close-by" deadline failed to pass this week. Lawmakers will continue to debate the bill, but it appears unlikely that the "close-by" deadline will be changed before the current June 30 deadline is reached.

Economic data moved mortgage rates this week. Slower than expected economic growth data and tame inflation figures were favorable for mortgage markets. As a result, mortgage rates ended the week lower.

Heading into a Fed meeting next week, the low inflation data released this week means that there is little pressure on the Fed to begin raising the fed funds rate. May Core Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation rose at a 0.9% annual rate, the lowest level in four decades. Usually the major task of Fed officials is to prevent inflation from moving too high, but they are now concerned about the risk that inflation will drop too low. Fed officials are most comfortable when inflation remains in the 1.5% to 2.0% range. This also means that there is little inflationary pressure to push mortgage rates higher. Of course, with expectations set so low, if inflation were to surprisingly increase in coming months, it could cause a large reaction in mortgage markets.

Global economic news was the primary influence on US mortgage markets this week. While the US data released during the week was mixed, an improved economic outlook in many other countries was unfavorable for bond markets. As a result, mortgage rates ended the week a little higher.

In recent weeks, mortgage rates have fallen to the lowest levels in decades. This has occurred, in part, due to the economic troubles in Europe, which reduced the willingness of investors to hold risky assets such as stocks. During periods of uncertainty, it's common for investors to seek a higher level of relatively safer assets, including US mortgage-backed securities (MBS). On Thursday, however, a series of global headlines from Europe, Asia, and Australia contained positive news for economic growth, which caused investors to move back toward riskier assets and out of bonds. The stock market rallied, and mortgage rates moved higher.

The big economic news this week was Friday's Employment data, which fell short of Wall Street forecasts and pushed mortgage rates lower. Investors continued to watch the situation in Europe, but there were no major market moving developments. Due to a rally on Friday, mortgage rates ended the week lower.

The May Employment report revealed the largest monthly increase in jobs since March 2000, but nearly all of the gains came from the hiring of temporary census workers. Without the census workers, the data fell short of expectations. A total of 431K jobs were added in May, below the consensus forecast of 500K. 411K jobs came from census hiring, leaving a net gain of just 20K jobs when those workers are excluded. The Unemployment Rate dropped to 9.7% from 9.9% in April, but this was mostly due to people dropping out of the labor force. Investors had expected stronger results from private sector job growth, and the stock market fell after the news. Weak labor market figures generally lead to lower inflation and are favorable for mortgage markets.

The economic data took a backseat to events in Europe again this week. Improved sentiment about the troubles in Europe influenced the willingness of investors to purchase riskier assets such as stocks, hurting bond markets. As a result, after dropping to the lowest levels of the year, mortgage rates ended the week a little higher.

A report on Wednesday that China was considering a move to reduce its holdings of European debt rattled global financial markets. There had been speculation in recent weeks that China, with the largest pool of foreign exchange reserves in the world, might cut its exposure to European debt. Thursday, however, Chinese officials made rare public comments that China was not planning to make any changes to its portfolio of European investments. Relieved global investors responded by embracing riskier assets such as stocks and partially reversing the effects from a flight to safer assets, such as bonds and mortgage-backed securities (MBS), seen over the last few weeks.

This week, uncertainty about the pace of the economic recovery caused investors to shift to relatively safer assets, including government insured mortgage-backed securities (MBS). Also positive for mortgage markets, the economic data released this week showed that inflation remains extremely low. As a result, mortgage rates declined during the week, reaching the lowest levels of the year.

Concern about the level of global economic growth drove financial markets this week. Troubled European countries will be forced to reduce government spending, and Chinese officials indicated that they will tighten monetary policy to reduce inflation. In the US, it's not clear to what degree the new financial regulation bill will cause banks to reduce lending, leading to slower economic growth. In response to periods of uncertainty such as this, investors seek to reduce risk by moving to safer assets such as bonds, and greater demand for MBS pushes mortgage rates lower.

Despite stronger than expected economic data, the financial situation in Greece held the greatest influence on mortgage rates this week. A flight to quality and prospects of slower economic growth in Europe were favorable for mortgage markets and negative for the stock market, and mortgage rates ended the week lower.

Global financial markets remained focused on the economic troubles of Greece. Greek workers responded to proposed austerity measures with strikes and riots, and investors grew increasingly concerned that other smaller European countries will face similar problems cutting their budget deficits. As a result, US mortgage markets were helped in two primary ways. First, in response to the uncertainty in Europe, investors shifted funds to safer investments, including US Treasuries and mortgage-backed securities (MBS). Second, investors expect that continued economic turmoil in Europe will reduce US exports to the region, slowing US economic growth and reducing inflationary pressures. Increased demand for MBS and lower future inflation are both positive for mortgage markets.

With a Fed meeting, Treasury auctions, and major economic data on this week's schedule, investors were watching closely for unfavorable news. In the end, there were no major surprises. Little changed in the Fed statement, auction demand was at average levels, and the economic data was generally close to expectations. The biggest influence on mortgage markets turned out to be turmoil in Greece, which caused investors to seek the relative safety of US bonds, and mortgage rates ended the week a little lower.

The economic troubles of Greece have been in the news frequently in recent weeks. Its ability to recover from significant budget deficits and to pay its debts has been questioned. The European Union (EU) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) are working on a bailout package for Greece to allow enough time for the country to stabilize. Despite the coming assistance, though, the debt of Greece was further downgraded on Tuesday. In addition, investors grew more concerned that other smaller European countries will reveal similar problems. As a result, investors shifted funds to safer investments, including US Treasuries and mortgage-backed securities (MBS).

While inflation remained low, stronger than expected economic data released this week was negative for mortgage markets. As a result, mortgage rates ended the week a little higher.

The big news in this week's economic data came from the housing sector. March Existing Home Sales rose 7% from February, and existing home sales were 16% higher than one year ago. Inventories of unsold existing homes fell to an 8-month supply, from 8.5-months in February. March New Home Sales were even better, jumping 27% from February to the highest monthly rate since last July. This marked the largest single-month increase in new home sales since 1963. The chief economist of the National Association of Realtors (NAR) credited the homebuyer tax credit for the strong March housing data. Buyers must sign a contract by April 30 to take advantage of the tax credit, so the April data should benefit as well.

This week's economic data and comments from Fed officials painted a picture of a gradually improving economy with very low inflation. March Core CPI inflation rose at a tame 1.1% annual rate. This economic environment is favorable for bond markets, and mortgage rates ended the week a little lower.

While mortgage rates have dropped over the last two weeks, the move lower has not been a straight line down. Mortgage rates have been fluctuating sharply from day to day, and even hour to hour this month. Volatility in mortgage markets has increased significantly since the end of the Fed's MBS purchase program on March 31. With the Fed steadily in the market in just one direction (purchasing, but never selling), other investors were generally reluctant to take opposing positions. Now that the Fed is on the sidelines, the market has returned to more normal conditions, meaning that investors freely react to economic news and changing sentiment.

Stronger than expected Employment data and the end of the Fed's MBS purchase program were negative for mortgage markets. Mortgage rates ended the week at the highest levels since January.

Investors viewed Friday's Employment report as positive for the economy, which means it was bad news for mortgage markets, and mortgage rates climbed after its release. Against a consensus forecast of 200K, the economy added 162K jobs in March, the highest level since March 2007. The Unemployment Rate remained at 9.7%. While the headline number fell a little short, other aspects of the data displayed a larger degree of unexpected strength. Hiring of census workers, a temporary boost, added just 48K jobs, which was far less than expected. Revisions to data from prior months added 62K jobs. The separate employment survey used to calculate the unemployment rate, which includes smaller companies, showed a higher level of job gains in March.

A combination of factors was negative for mortgage markets this week, and mortgage rates ended higher. Large budget deficits and economic troubles in smaller European Union nations made bonds less attractive to global investors. In addition, stock market gains sent the Dow to an 18-month high, which pulled funds out of fixed income investments. Finally, with just one week remaining for the Fed's MBS purchase program, comments from Fed Chief Bernanke about potential future MBS sales added to the pressure in mortgage markets.

For months, investors have been concerned that the enormous supply of debt needed to fund US government spending would force yields on US Treasury securities to rise to attract purchasers. This is what took place this week. Demand was surprisingly weak at all of this week's record Treasury auctions, especially from foreign investors, and yields were pushed higher. Since mortgage-backed securities (MBS) compete for investors with Treasuries, MBS yields rose as well, pushing mortgage rates higher.

There were no major surprises in the economic data or the Fed announcement this week. As a result, while volatility remained day to day, mortgage rates ended nearly unchanged for the third straight week.

As expected at its meeting on Tuesday, the Fed held the fed funds rate steady, and the accompanying statement contained few changes. The statement retained the language about the fed funds rate remaining at extremely low levels for at least several months. The Fed's assessment of the economy was a little more upbeat at this meeting, but pointed out that economic improvement will occur slowly. The Fed continued to signal that the $1.25 trillion MBS purchase program will conclude at the end of March. With less than two weeks of Fed MBS purchases remaining, investors will be watching closely to see if the Fed's exit has an impact on mortgage rates.

During a very light week for economic news, the economic data and Treasury auctions contained few surprises and produced little reaction in mortgage markets. Mortgage rates ended the week nearly unchanged.

In early 2009, the Fed embarked on a $1.25 trillion mortgage-backed securities (MBS) purchase program to help keep mortgage rates low and stimulate the economy. The amount purchased varied from week to week, reaching a peak of $33.2 billion in the week of March 25, 2009. The Fed has been gradually reducing the size of its purchases at a pace consistent with a March 31 conclusion of the program, and the most recent weekly purchases have been down to around $10 billion.

Economic data was the primary force driving mortgage rates this week. Generally weaker than expected data resulted in modest improvement in rates for most of the week. This was completely offset by an increase in rates on Friday due to stronger than expected Employment data, however, leaving mortgage rates nearly unchanged from last week.

Against a consensus forecast for a decline of -50K jobs, the economy lost -36K jobs in February, and the revisions from prior months showed more jobs than previously reported. The Unemployment Rate remained unchanged from January at 9.7%, which was lower than expected. The payrolls figures and the unemployment rate are calculated from two separate sets of data. The payrolls report focuses on larger companies, while the unemployment survey covers all companies. The more volatile unemployment survey surprisingly showed an increase of 308K jobs in February, indicating that smaller companies were a source of job gains.

While investors began the week watching for fresh information about Greece and China, the Fed stole the spotlight on Wednesday with news that was unfavorable for mortgage markets, and mortgage rates ended the week moderately higher.

The Fed currently has significant influence on mortgage rates. Over the last year, the Fed pushed mortgage rates lower by purchasing over $1 trillion in mortgage-backed securities (MBS). Wednesday, the Fed's Plosser suggested that the Fed should begin selling those MBS "sooner rather than later." Later that day, the Fed released the detailed minutes from the January 27 Fed meeting. The minutes revealed that "several" Fed officials favored starting the sale of the Fed's MBS portfolio "in the near future." Investors were not expecting that Fed MBS sales would begin any time soon. Quite simply, adding to the supply of MBS being sold means that yields would need to move higher to attract buyers. Since mortgage rates are largely determined by MBS yields, mortgage rates rose after the news.

Global events in China and Greece had a significant impact on US mortgage markets this week, but in opposite directions. In addition, demand was much weaker than average for the 10-year and 30-year Treasury auctions, which pushed up yields. The net result was a slight increase in mortgage rates from last week.

A surprise announcement Thursday night that China raised bank reserve requirements helped mortgage markets and hurt the stock market. The increase is a form of monetary tightening which is intended to slow economic growth in China. This likely means that China will buy fewer exports from other countries, slowing economic growth globally. Slower expected economic growth reduces inflationary pressures, which is positive for mortgage yields.

In recent weeks, large fiscal deficits in Greece have caused speculation that the country will default on its government debt, which resulted in an investor flight to the relative safety of US bonds. This week, the news that Greece will receive economic aid from other European Union nations prompted investors to reverse this flight to safety by selling US bonds, moving yields higher.

The biggest influence on mortgage rates this week came from outside the US. Concerns about the possible default of sovereign debt in smaller nations caused investors to seek the relative safety of US fixed income securities. This week's economic data was roughly balanced in terms of positive and negative surprises. The added demand for safer investments helped mortgage rates move lower during the week.

The recession has impacted countries in different ways. Some of the hardest hit have been smaller European nations, such as Greece and Spain. As members of the European Union, they must adhere to certain restrictions which limit their flexibility to adjust domestic economic policy. As a result, some countries may be at risk of defaulting on government debt. Investors responded by buying relatively safer assets such as US bonds, including agency mortgage-backed securities (MBS). Investors also withdrew money from global stock markets during the week. In the US, the Dow fell about 200 points.

Friday's important Employment report contained mixed news. Against a consensus forecast for a gain of 15K jobs, the economy lost -20K jobs in January. The big story, though, was an unexpected drop in the Unemployment Rate to 9.7% from 10.0% in December. Two separate sources of data are used to compute the change in jobs and the change in the unemployment rate, and during volatile periods the two methods can show widely divergent results. The decline in the unemployment rate in January was viewed as very good news by many economists, pointing to an improving labor market. On a more negative note, revisions to older data showed that the economy has lost 8.4 million jobs since the start of the recession in December 2007, from the previous reported level of 7.2 million.

Over the last few weeks, many economists have been raising their forecasts for economic growth in 2010. The economic data released this week generally did not support this outlook, however, producing some daily volatility. As a result of the weaker than expected data, mortgage rates ended the week a little lower.

In December, the economy lost -85K jobs, which was lower than the consensus forecast of -5K, and the Unemployment Rate remained at 10.0%. A small revision to the November data created a gain of 4K jobs, the first monthly increase since December 2007. The report indicated that 661K people dropped out of the labor force in December. The details suggest that small businesses may be creating jobs more slowly than larger companies. The manufacturing and constructions sectors continued to perform poorly. Average hourly earnings, an indicator of wage growth, showed a small increase. Overall, the data was weaker than expected, and mortgage rates moved lower after the news.

The housing sector data released during the week was mostly favorable. November Housing Starts rose 9%, and Building Permits, a leading indicator, showed similar results. The December NAHB Homebuilders Sentiment index surprisingly dropped slightly, to the lowest level since June. Given the passage of the extension and expansion of the homebuyer tax credit, the index was expected to rise.